Researchers at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, have developed a 3D concrete printing process that captures and stores carbon dioxide (CO₂) during production. The method incorporates CO₂ and steam—by-products of industrial processes—into the concrete mix, where CO₂ chemically bonds into a solid form.

The method, described in Carbon Capture Science & Technology, demonstrates a reduction in cement’s carbon footprint, a material responsible for 8% of global CO₂ emissions. The process has shown improved mechanical properties, including a 36.8% increase in compression strength and a 45.3% improvement in bending strength, and traps 38% more carbon compared to conventional 3D concrete printing.

Additional findings include:

• Reduced Porosity: Open porosity decreased by up to 72%, improving durability and resistance to environmental factors.
• Enhanced Printability: The process improves printability, allowing structures to be built with a 50% increase in build height capacity.

The researchers suggest that further optimization, including the use of waste flue gases instead of pure CO₂, could enhance the method's efficiency and sustainability. This technology demonstrates a viable pathway for reducing emissions while improving material performance in the construction sector.