The American Institute of Architects (AIA) has published a preliminary “Preparedness Assessment Tool” to help architects and healthcare directors appropriately select existing buildings for reuse as Alternative Care Sites (ACS).
The document brings together best practices for ACS design based on existing and recently implemented directives and was developed according to “joint professional input from trained and experienced health care architects, designers, engineers, scientists, life-safety consultants, healthcare professionals, and hospital facility operations,” according to the document.
The Tool stakes out key priorities for these temporary sites and offers design guidance for limiting the spread of viruses within the facility while establishing a baseline level of quality and functionality for the healthcare delivered in these spaces.
Across the country, through both local and federal initiatives, existing buildings have been retrofit for for temporary emergency hospital use as the surging COVID-19 pandemic has significantly strained existing healthcare facilities. In New York, for example, Governor Andrew Cuomo and the Army Corps of Engineers are hard at work transforming a series of existing convention centers, college dormitories, and other facilities into temporary hospitals for both conventional patients and for those suffering from COVID-19, depending on the location.
In Seattle, San Francisco, and Los Angeles, several existing buildings, including other convention centers, have also been transformed for healthcare uses.
The AIA’s guide offers guidance for a selection of key project parameters, including operations approaches, site selection, and issues dealing with proper levels of water, electrical, and telecommunications capacities.
The Tool is the latest effort to be unveiled by AIA’s COVID-19 Task Force and follows the creation of an online database collecting information on the various ACS projects across the country.
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This document does not provide revised HVAC design and the basic ventilation systems layout that limits transmission of acute respiratory infection (it covers isolation room negative pressure and says “consider HEPA recirculation”). This knowledge has been part of military barrack design for decades to limit the transmission of acute respiratory infection (ARI). Transmission is linked to supply and return air locations. Typical supply air is distributed throughout the space but returns are centralized and draw contaminated air across multiple beds.
“However, ARI risk was seen to be higher among trainees living in 60- person room barracks, regardless of HVAC, when compared with the 8-person room barracks. However, no risk difference was detected for trainees living in 60-person room barracks with the original HVAC design systems when compared with those living in 60-person rooms with updated HVAC systems.”
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
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