According to archaeologists, this is the first clear evidence that urban societies existed in this part of the Amazon Basin, a region that was long believed to have only been wilderness before the arrival of Europeans. Researchers had previously thought that all Amazonians lived in small, nomadic tribes that had little impact on their surrounding environment due to the lack of nutrient-rich soil required to support large-scale agriculture. However, more recent findings suggested the presence of man-made patches of domesticated plants and adequate soil. And, in 2018, archaeologists discovered hundreds of large, geometric mounds, uncovered due to deforestation, that hinted at potential organized societies. 

To investigate further, a research team employed LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), in which they flew a helicopter equipped with the technology over six areas previously occupied by the Casarabe people, who first appeared around A.D. 500. The undertaking revealed the size and shape of 26 settlements, along with walled compounds with broad terraces, pyramids, and causeways that connected the sites to one another. The LIDAR images also revealed the presence of reservoirs in the settlements.