The definition of peripheral areas the term of periphery is linked with economic perspective of centre and periphery as two opposite poles. This relationship is based on the social inequity and unfair distribution of political power. This polarization can be seen in many European countries that... View full entry

From the sociological perspective rural and urban creates two different lifestyles and sets of values. The rural and urban way of living can be defined. It is more a theoretical concept than a complete reality but it is still an important part of living in rural areas. Distinguishing between rural... View full entry

The scientific theory is essential in terms of examining different problems in the society. To know how to approach a problem and built up an argumentation in relation to the planning outcome. The theory is vital due to the conscious of the planner to have a factual argumentation and ethic... View full entry

Pragmatic solutions learning by doing is an iterative process to make changes in a critical and realistic perspective. This is the opposite of rationality that is more based on methods to the absolute true in an objective perspective. The communicative planning of pragmatic solutions is much more... View full entry

Urbanization had become a significant phenomenon world-wide rapidly escalating. As a consequence, people are moving from the peripheral areas into the cities leaving the areas into unsettle dust areas. The undertaking phenomenon of urbanization has a drastic impact on the development of the... View full entry