This is frightfully common. The way I deal with it is reminding the boss the direct effects of the boss' choices. More overtime, more hours billed so less profit, violations of code, ignoring the client, etc.

I figure if it gets me fired I didn't want to work there anyhow. Usually I get thanked. It's a fucked up world.

There's practical advice people can give you on how to mitigate and minimize the adverse affects and how to present your ideas to your boss as if it was their own idea and blah blah blah.....

But first ask yourself if you are still learning things as an architect.  If you are, then absorb as much as you can.  If however, you are just learning office politics and the art of backstreet driving and how to manage management, well, then you have to ask yourself if you want to keep doing that. Because at the end of the day, you need to find an office that values you as a designer, not a draftsman. 

Design is a fickle beast.

In all seriousness, your boss seems like an incompetent architect. His/her behavior is not uncommon, but it's not the norm. 

There's a lot of client management skills that designers, even senior ones, lack. Managing client expectations, and guiding them productively while protecting one's own bottom line is critical. Too often, architects fail to zero in on the clients' objectives, kowtowing to every demand in an unsystematic manner - resulting in countless manhours spent producing numerous design iterations in an fruitless attempt to nail said objective. Ironically, this is the kind of waste that all those AI/big data salespeople are pitching their wares for - produce 1000 iterations in 10 minutes!

don't overthink this. at the early stage of your career the most important thing is working for someone you respect who does work you are proud of. if those conditions are met, it is worth some pain to learn useful work skills. otherwise though what's the point, struggle while observing how to do sloppy work badly?

if you feel like your boss is fucking things up and uninterested in learning how to improve, then you aren't going to get to fix this for him. probably your coworkers have already thought of this! have you asked any slightly more senior employees what they think about the office?

don't waste energy trying to make this work. it's already making you question your self worth. that's a super serious sign - you need to get out now! do whatever you need to to get a job working for someone you respect and like.

Firstly, those who are at higher position always try to give advice to change the design, especially when it is about personal taste. Sometimes, it is good for design. Sometimes, it is only a trick of showing they are “smarter” than you. As an associate, I am not against it, because there is nothing wrong. It is all based on who can make the decision. Then let them make the decision.

While when their advice violate certainty/ established knowledge, I always point it out politely, such as the length of dead end corridor, whether the sun shading device will work efficiently, etc.

Besides, in fact, some managers have very bad management skills. They cannot manage the project, human resource, schedule and coordination smoothly. Working with those bad managers make you experience rework, delay, working overtime, misleading, being unappreciated, etc. So staying away from them is good to mental and physical health. But your situation is tricky, because the person makes you suffer is your boss. It might be really hard to avoid working with boss.

It has been my experience that it is a silly, stupid game played by lesser talents.

My advice is to do your own work on the side. Then it doesn't matter what they do.

Read Bing, Stanley. Throwing the Elephant: Zen and the Art of Managing Up. HarperCollins, 2004.