Archinect - News

Burning down the house to make American homes disaster-proof

2024-07-21T11:00:00-04:00

Last year's devastating wildfires in California and Hawaii once again came into focus as part of a New York Times exposé on the Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety (I.B.H.S.)-led movement towards the “biggest overhaul of building standards in more than 30 years.”

Burn demonstrations help visualize protective interventions that best resemble moats in unison with better building materials. The Times says: “The message to homebuilders is stark: Homes in certain parts of the United States must now be constructed with wildfires in mind, or they most likely will not be insured, which would mean they couldn’t be bought with a mortgage.”

Landscape designers as well as architects working on private residences will be equally affected. The MIT Technology Review wrote more extensively on the subject of design and the disaster-proof home in California last April.

ASLA survey finds increased demand for nature-based solutions to climate change among landscape architects

2024-05-31T08:00:00-04:00

The latest survey of landscape architects released Wednesday by the American Society of Landscape Architects includes updated information on incumbent design trends and project valuations, indicating a further shift in priorities nationwide under the looming threat of climate change.

According to the survey, significant (10% or more) increases in the demand for climate-based solutions have been recorded by at least 70% of all respondents. State and local governments are the most common source of demand in terms of clients. Stormwater management and reduced carbon emissions transportation alternatives such as walkability improvements and bicycle infrastructure make up the leading list of solutions, and almost half of those surveyed said their construction costs were more expensive than that of traditional projects.

Comparing these findings to the ASLA's 2021 survey, the most popular solutions for ecosystem degradation, extreme heat, wildfire, flooding, sea-level rise, and drought rem...

Shigeru Ban team constructs Paper Log House prototype in wildfire-ravaged Maui

2023-12-08T17:32:00-05:00

A new collaborative project between Shigeru Ban, the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa School of Architecture, and Hawaii Off-Grid Architecture and Engineering has been constructed in Maui, providing residents of the community with much-needed temporary accommodations following the aftermath of the deadly spate of wildfires that killed 97 and destroyed another 2,000 structures in August of this year.

The installation of Ban's Paper Log House housing prototype in heavily afflicted Lahaina follows previous contributions to earthquake recovery efforts in Turkey and Morocco through Ban’s nonprofit Voluntary Architects’ Network (or VAN), which was first founded in 1995.

Image courtesy Hawaii Off-Grid Architecture and Engineering

“We are so grateful to Shigeru Ban and the Volunteer Architects Network (VAN) to inspire and remind us of the compassion and creativity that architecture and architects can provide to our communities,” Hawaii Off-Grid principal David Sellers told local news outlet La...

AIA calls for donations in wake of Hawaiian wildfires

2023-08-16T11:51:00-04:00

The American Institute of Architects (AIA) is soliciting a call for donations in response to the devastating wildfires that have claimed more than 100 lives and damaged countless structures in Maui.

The AIA shares: "The AIA family is deeply saddened by these recent wildfires and is working in close coordination with AIA Hawaii as recovery efforts get underway. Our 97,000 members and extensive resources are being activated to support Hawaii’s health, safety, and welfare in the weeks, months, and years ahead. AIA’s past experience with disasters of this magnitude tells us that the recovery process is a long, arduous road that architects can, and must help navigate, to make communities whole once again. We cannot bring back what has been lost, but together we can help find a new way forward."

This summer has seen a spate of natural disasters across the West, including the record heatwaves in Arizona and other wildfires in Colorado and the Mojave Desert. The concerted effort of archite...

Lumber prices expected to hike as Canadian wildfires rage on

2023-07-18T13:06:00-04:00

Canadian wildfire smoke continues to blow over much of the U.S., raising air pollution to harmful levels for construction workers. Now, the impact of the fires is likely to raise U.S. lumber prices, too.

As reported by Construction Dive, Canada’s devastating wildfire season, which has been felt across North America through declined air quality, has impacted the largest amount of land ever recorded in a single year. As a result, lumber prices are expected to rise as Canada supplies approximately 80% of U.S. softwood lumber imports. However, it is too early to know how much of the affected areas include harvestable timber, as well as how much will be damaged in the coming months.

The Canadian provinces of Alberta and Quebec have been hit the hardest by the fires so far, with around 3.8 million and 3.5 million acres burnt, respectively. Together, they account for 44% of Canada’s annual softwood lumber shipments and 45% of total production. Canada’s weather conditions are expected to fuel more wildfires throughout the summer, which paints a grim outlook for lumber prices.

Designing for disaster in an increasingly fire-burdened California

2023-04-19T11:45:00-04:00

Each home was considered to be built to shelter-in-place standards, with ignition-resistant construction and materials—a cutting-edge approach for the time, though the standards have since been adopted into state and local codes. They are little fortresses of tile roofs, stucco walls, hardscape patios, and covered eaves. [The] heavy fortification gives the communities—both the structures and the people who shelter in them—an extra chance to survive.

The state is in a bind caused by its dire need to quickly enact affordable housing and the movement of populations into liminal wildland-urban interface zones, both of which are placing more people in the fight or flight predicament that’s leading to more innovations in residential design surrounding the concept of defensible space.

Experts point to homes in the Rancho Santa Fe neighborhood in San Diego as exemplars of fire safety that the rest of the state is still lagging to catch on to, hemmed in by costs that are making defensive evacuation plans harder to execute. “Shelter-in-place really was a theory,” local fire protection specialist Brandon Closs told the MIT Technology Review, “it’s still a work in progress.”

'Despair is useless': Mike Davis reflects on California, the climate crisis, life, and legacy as he faces his own mortality

2022-09-13T18:44:00-04:00

I’ve seen miracles happen. I’ve seen ordinary people do the most heroic things. When you’ve had the privilege of knowing so many great fighters and resisters, you can’t lay down the sword, even if things seem objectively hopeless.

The terminally-ill City of Quartz author sat down recently with The Guardian to discuss his waning health and look back at prescient early warnings of the state’s slow-motion social and ecological demise that has taken three decades to manifest. True to form, Davis was critical of everything: from “fascist” LA novelist Raymond Chandler to Governor Gavin Newsom’s penchant for arrogating his administration’s response to the climate crisis that has been exacerbated by even increasingly harmful and foolhardy attempts to mitigate the housing crisis in Los Angels and other non-urban areas across the state.

Related Feature Interview on Archinect: Meeting Mike Davis

“Our ruling classes everywhere have no rational analysis or explanation for the immediate future,” he said. “A small group of people have more concentrated power over the human future than ever before in human history, and they have no vision, no strategy, no plan. It’s not just global warming, and drought, it’s the fact that two...

Amidst increasing wildfires, should we retreat or regroup? A UC Davis proposal recommends taking the high road despite challenges

2022-07-19T16:13:00-04:00

As Spain, France, Greece, and Germany grapple with a spate of historic wildfires that have gripped the region in recent weeks, a group of researchers in the American West is now advocating for fairly extreme shifts in development trends there which would buck others currently favored by the industry that involve more direct applications of design in the built environment.

Writing in FastCompany this week, UC Davis professors Emily Schlickman, Brett Milligan, and Stephen M. Wheeler proposed a three-point plan that entails zoning changes (including San Diego’s approach of avoiding hillside development) and placing severe limitations on new construction, which are seen as a large part of the problem in Northern California and other places.

The trio pointed to recent examples from Los Angeles County and an existing law in Oregon as frameworks that could easily be adopted in the sunshine state, backed up by aggressive legal measures and incentivizations that would further prevent develo...

Detail-loving architects can turn timber from a material into a career

2022-06-01T10:24:00-04:00

It’s been a rough couple of years for timber. As we have previously reported, lumber prices across the United States saw a 90% increase in May 2021 on the previous 12 months, adding an extra $36,000 onto the cost of constructing a new home. In a relief for clients and contractors alike, that record high was followed by a record-breaking 40% decline in June 2021, although lumber prices have continued their wide fluctuation into 2022.

Most analysts have laid the blame for this turbulent lumber market on short-term factors. These include pandemic-era labor shortages and supply chain shutdowns, potential looming tariffs imposed by the U.S. on Canadian lumber imports, and even the 2021 Canadian truckers’ strikes.

However, as we outlined in February, these short-term contributors are further compounded by more fundamental long-term impacts. Canadian forests, for example, face ongoing battles with invasive species and forest fires, both caused by warmer, drier winters attributed to climat...

A new tool provides wildfire risk data to American homeowners in the face of climate change

2022-05-18T20:15:00-04:00

Wildfires are becoming an increasing threat to American homeowners with the acceleration of climate change, and now a new tool from the nonprofit First Street Foundation will allow them to access probability-based data about the potential risk their property may face over the next 30 years.

By incorporating open-source tax information, satellite imaging, and advanced computer modeling, the Foundation was able to produce a Fire Factor metric and interactive map that details both the intensity of future burns and their ability to move across varying topographies. An individual structure’s score is thus determined by its available defensible space, roof and construction type, and proximity to fuels like trees, shrubs, and wild grasses.

Currently, there is no publicly available data on fire risk similar to the flood damage assessments required by the federal National Flood Insurance Prog...

Lumber prices are still soaring, and not just because of COVID-19

2022-02-22T11:16:00-05:00

Lumber prices have seen dramatic rises and falls during the COVID-19 pandemic. In May 2021, prices saw a 90% increase on the previous 12 months, adding an extra $36,000 onto the cost of constructing a new home in the United States. The record-high in May was followed a 40% decline in prices in June alone; the largest monthly drop on record.

The new year, and a subsiding of the pandemic, has done little to stabilize the lumber market. According to new reporting by Newsweek, the price of lumber has once again surged throughout 2022, with the price of softwood lumber rising 25.4% in January alone. At $1,272 per thousand board feet, the price of lumber remains three times more expensive that the average price before the COVID-19 pandemic.

While surges in material rates throughout the pandemic have been widely attributed to labor shortages caused by government restrictions and stay-at-...

The U.S. government's wildfire prevention program could have unintended benefits for architects and the mass timber industry

2022-01-22T09:00:00-05:00

This week, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Forest Service announced a $50 billion plan to fight wildfires. The goal is, in fact, to reduce wildfires. But one of the side effects may be a huge infusion of ecologically harvested wood into the supply chain for building materials. For architects, this firefighting tool could also be a new source of carbon-sequestering wood for sustainable building projects.

The timber industry is currently under tremendous strain to meet demands as suppliers face labor shortages that have triggered high prices for their clients, who are increasingly looking to build bigger and taller buildings using what is considered to be a more sustainable material.

The recent supply chain issues are making the rehabilitation program a windfall for the increasing number of firms in desperate need of timber that is at the same time ethically sourced and environmentally friendly. The Forest Service says it will treat about 75 million acres under the ten-year plan, which should produce about $150 billion worth of timber stock, according to pricing data taken from forest2market.com. Some have said they are optimistic for the changes it might entail for the industry’s overall decarbonization goals, valuing it for its potential to force architects to think more critically about incorporating the material into their designs.

“Oftentimes we’re trying to fit the forest and...

Scientists are using deep learning data to map structure damage from wildfires

2022-01-04T13:00:00-05:00

A new computer program powered by artificial intelligence takes mere minutes to determine whether homes and buildings have been destroyed by wildfires once the smoke has cleared. Developed by scientists at Cal Poly in San Luis Obispo and Stanford University, DamageMap evaluates the destruction by scrutinizing post-wildfire aerial and satellite images.

The team worked to fix a major flaw in existing modeling systems that required exact lighting and photographic angles in order to produce an accurate survey of structural damage in a specific area. 50,000 images from various fires across California were used as a baseline for the software, which came back with a 92% accuracy rate when tested against another set of 18,000 burn scar images, according to the scientists.

Meanwhile, the rash of recent fires has led many to speculate about a statewide exodus that will continue as a product of future cataclysms which the team says it is hastily preparing for.

“The code works, and we have a lot of data,” co-developer Andrew Fricker told the Santa Cruz Sentinel. “If people were motivated to get this out to the public for the next fire season, it could be done.”

Aluminum wrapping helped one cabin withstand the Caldor Fire

2021-09-09T11:33:00-04:00

Jennifer Diamond, a spokeswoman for the team fighting the Caldor Fire, wasn’t sure who wrapped the Phillips Tract cabin but said she’s helped cover a historic backcountry building with foil in the past. Aside from historic buildings, firefighters might choose to wrap a remote cabin where property owners have already cut back vegetation, cut down overhanging trees and cleared roofs and gutters of debris.

The cabin was among many in the South Lake Tahoe region to adapt a temporary version of an adaptability approach that has become increasingly popular during a year that has already seen over a million acres scorched in California alone.

The ongoing Caldor Fire has destroyed more than 700 homes as of this week and is still only about 50% contained. One problem facing homeowners who attempt the wrapping method is the labor involved: a typical structure takes several people a minimum of five hours to install using an army of 15,000 staples. A 200-foot roll of the material retails for $687.

Hotel workers were among those left to prepare structures for the fire. The San Francisco Chronicle has a look at the wrapping method here.

Athens has hired a new 'Chief Heat Officer' to help the city combat climate change

2021-08-26T16:45:00-04:00

Europe’s summer of natural disasters has included increasingly frequent extreme weather events [...] Ms. Myrivili’s appointment is a recognition of that new reality. But it is also a foreboding sign that having someone to grapple with suffocating temperatures may be a mainstay of the municipal cityscape, as necessary and unremarkable as a transportation, sanitation or police commissioner.

Other cities like Miami have retained administrators with similar titles. Athens is leading the way in terms of a loss of residents who are in large part moving to escape the heat. The country itself is expected to lose 8 million people in the next four years. Myrivili earned a PhD from Columbia University in 2004 and served as Athens' Deputy Mayor for Urban Nature, Resilience and Climate Change Adaptation from 2017 to 2019.

A scorching mid-summer heatwave combined with wildfires has forced the closure of several important cultural sites around the city.

The New York Times has a profile of Athens' newest city administrator here.

The AIA California has declared a state of climate emergency amidst another intense fire season

2021-08-14T13:30:00-04:00

On July 24, 2021, the AIA California Board of Directors officially declared a climate emergency to immediately accelerate the de-carbonization of the built environment. This action calls on each of us to make immediate and meaningful impacts in our profession, it enables AIA CA to move rapidly and boldly to influence public policy, and it challenges other organizations to join us in recognizing the importance of climate action and the immediacy of the issue.

Wildfires have dominated the news cycle for three of the last four fire seasons. Architects all over the state have been proffering solutions ranging from ICFing homes to fireproof prefabricated Quonset huts.

The AIA declaration comes on the heels of the UN’s devastating Climate Action Report. The chapter had recently issued a statement urging the legislature to adopt updated building code policies across the state, which has lost nearly 60,000 structures to fires since 2005.

California is experiencing a historic drought that has coincided with a multipronged housing crisis. More people have left the state than moved in for the first time in history. The AIA's full emergency declaration can be accessed here.

One Northern California designer is replenishing housing stock in the region with new, fire-resistant prefabs

2021-08-06T15:03:00-04:00

A Chico-based general contractor with a degree in architecture is attempting to use pre-fabricated, non-combustible, eco-friendly and customizable home packages to help rebuild homes in Paradise and other areas of California where replacement homes due to natural disasters still must be built.

The city of Chico was in the crosshairs of the 2018 Camp Fire, which destroyed over 18,000 homes in and around Butte County over a 17-day span. This week, an entire town in Plumas County was razed by the Dixie Fire. Steelmaster has more on Vern Sneed's Q Cabin Kit here.

Related Reading: UCLA's Department of Architecture and Urban Design has been at the forefront of fire-related building resiliency since launching the FireCity and FireLAnd initiatives last year. Read our recent interview with Associate Adjunct Professor Jeffrey Inaba and Professor Hitoshi Abe here.

The Acropolis is closing amidst wildfire concerns

2021-08-05T17:32:00-04:00

Across southern Europe, large wildfires have so far killed eight people and caused mass evacuations while also threatening to damage ancient cultural sites. In Greece, authorities have partially closed the Acropolis and other major archaeological sites while battling with dozens of conflagrations around Athens.

Greece is currently in the midst of its worst heatwave in over thirty years, and the capital region has been squarely in the crosshairs as the heat has combined with encroaching wildfires to create an emergency situation in Athens. The UNESCO World Heritage Site has recently been the center of public debate as planned renovations have prompted a debate of the Acropolis' "correct appearance."

NBA champion Giannis Antetokounmpo may have been one of the last visitors before its closure. The Observer has more on the threats to archaeological sites around the city here.

2020 USC Architectural Guild Charrette first place winners design a movable building surrounded by landscape that fights wildfires

2020-07-21T14:33:00-04:00

The USC Architectural Guild Charrette is an annual design competition held by the school that invites fourth-year, fifth-year, and graduate students to compete in a one-day charrette geared around a specific design prompt. This year, the prompt challenged students to design a fire-resilient visitor center in the Angeles National Forest. Landscaping was an important part of this project as they were judged based on how well they embraced fire resilient principles.

The first place entry came from students Andrew Blumm, Alison Iwashita, and William Makoto Izu, who worked together to create a contemporary iteration of the traditional fire lookout tower. Working on a hillside site, their building sits on a rail system that allows it to retract into the hillside and remain protected in the event of a forest fire.

The landscaping ethos of the entry builds on the practice of administering burns to small shrubs and plants before a wildfire hits to clear the forest floor and rejuvenate the s...

As California's wildfires become increasingly urban, concerns over airborne health risks grow 'worrisome'

2019-11-07T15:31:00-05:00

The samples he collects will help scientists better understand how the massive increase in seasonal wildfires burning through residential areas might be affecting our health. Where smoke once contained the remnants of only biomass (trees and other organic matter), fires are now burning up homes—structures that contain thousands of synthetic chemicals, paints, plastics, and metals that smolder and combust into tiny particles.

Building codes prove effective in limiting damage from wildfires in California

2019-04-12T16:08:00-04:00

As the state of California begins preparing for another wildfire season, November's Camp Fire—the deadliest and most destructive wildfire in California history to date—offers up some important lessons.

A new analysis released by McClatchy looked at property records in order to make sense of the fire's seemingly random paths of destruction. The results found that the year a house was built was a large determiner of whether or not it was likely to burn down.

In 2008, the state updated its fire codes, mandating that newly built housing in wildland-urban interface zones meet strict building codes designed to prevent them from catching on fire. The new codes require homes be built with, among other things, interior sprinklers, fire resistant roofs and sidings, decks and patios made of non-flammable materials, and heat-resistant windows.

Homes built after these codes went into effect have stood a much better chance of going undamaged. According the the McClatchy analysis, 51 percent of...

How many fires does it take to get to the center of a solution?

2018-11-28T14:53:00-05:00

Nearly 16,000 structures have been destroyed in the Camp Fire, the deadliest and most destructive fire in the history of California. (The next nine worst blazes in the state together destroyed 20,500 structures.) The devastation is in part a story of how climate change–induced “boom and bust” cycles of rainfall and drought have made firetraps of California forests. But it’s also a story about the way we build.

In lieu of recent events, California has been hit with a wave of wildfires. Affected in both the Southern and Northern areas of California, the recent months have left many Californians with nothing. Areas have been reduced to ash, leaving homeowners to evacuate the area. The blame can be pointed to several contributing factors. However, what solutions can be made in order to prevent these destructive fires from engulfing these areas?

Wildfires are nothing new to California, yet, with more and more Westerners wanting to live in or near nature, the number of homes located in the wildland-urban interface, or WUI, has increased from 3.3 million to 4.4 million. Homeowners wanting to live in nature is nothing uncommon. States like Colorado or North Carolina have homeowners that share this similar desire. However, the West is filled with wildlands, and wildlands do burn. Historically, wildfires in the West are tied with the mismanagement of forests and land. Along with strict WUI buildin...

How do you solve a problem like Malibu? A call for revisiting Mike Davis' 'Ecology of Fear'

2018-11-15T17:20:00-05:00

The Woosley Fire, as of Wednesday morning, had burned through 97,620 acres of LA County's famed Malibu Canyon and neighboring communities nestled in the Santa Monica Mountains. Long home to an unruly mix of surfers, hippies, and celebrities, the fires have devastated numerous firebelt suburb populations along the coast, aided by the dreaded Santa Ana winds.

In total, officials have tallied more than 400 homes and other structures destroyed, leaving many homeowners to wonder whether or not to rebuild. But, LA Times op-ed columnist Gustavo Arellano asks us to ponder what would happen if we don't.

Over the last century, communities along Southern California's rugged coastline have seen an average of two major fires every decade since 1929. As predicted in Mike Davis' 1998 essay "The Case for Letting Malibu Burn,” little has been able to stop Mother Nature's wrath, which has only been made more frequent and more damaging by the region's increasingly hotter and drier summers.

The City ...

What's left from the Alberta wildfire

2016-05-10T19:31:00-04:00

After a week of wildfires raging through the town of Fort McMurray and the surrounding area, more than 500,000 acres of forest and 2,400 buildings have been destroyed in Alberta, Canada. Rachel Notley, Alberta's premier, said that 90% of Fort McMurray remains intact, though several neighborhoods were complete losses...While the last fires in town are put out, and infrastructure repaired, more than 80,000 residents will have to wait at least another two weeks before they can return.

How beetle-kill pine is fueling both the lumber industry and the southwest wildfire season

2013-07-05T17:49:00-04:00

As the dry, beetle-kill pine blew up in the West Fork fires, which have charred more than 110,000 acres, firefighters used helicopters and air tankers to divert the fire from valuable resources and dug a "dozer line" to defend the town of South Fork. In the Rio Grande National Forest, where rugged terrain presents dangerous conditions for ground crews, firefighters have battled the flames judiciously, on their own terms.

As the West Fork fires rage on in southwestern Colorado, local firefighters have come to understand the dangers involved with fighting fires in areas plagued with beetle-kill trees. Typically, after beetles attack and kill these trees, the dry needles become an ignition source. The real danger, however, comes decades after the tree has died when the rotted tree finally falls to the ground. And yet this fallen lumber has proven to be a sustainable choice for interior architecture, as no live trees need to be harvested.

The use of beetle-kill pine has thus become a popular aesthetic choice utilized for flooring, paneling, or siding applications within modern residences, businesses, and restaurants in recent years. The blue stained hue of the wood that has allured many architects and interior designers alike is caused not by the beetles themselves, but from the fungus that the beetles carry with them. Proper, a newly conceived restaurant located in Tucson, Arizona, chose to incorpo...